School of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering
ELEC4310: Tutorial number 1
(Review of three-phase and per unit calculations)
Question 1
A three-phase line, which has an impedance of (2 + j4) Ω per phase, feeds two balanced three phase loads that are connected in parallel. One of the loads is Y-connected with an impedance of (30 + j40) Ω per phase, and the other is ∆-connected with an impedance of (60 – j45) Ω per phase. The line is energized at the sending end from a 60-Hz, three phase, balanced voltage source of 120√3 V (rms, line-to-line). Determine:
(a) Current, real power, and reactive power delivered by the sending-end source;
(b) Line-to-line voltage at the load;
(c) Current per phase in each load;
(d) Total three-phase real and reactive powers absorbed by each load and by the line. Check that the total three-phase complex power delivered by the source equals the total three-phase power absorbed by the line and loads.
Question 2
Two balanced three-phase loads that are connected in parallel, which are fed by a three-phase line having a series impedance of (0.4 + j2.7) Ω per phase. One of the loads absorbs 560 kVA at 0.707 power factor lagging, and the other 132 kW at unity power factor. The line-to-line voltage at the load end of the line is 2200√3 V. Compute:
(a) Line-to-line voltage at the source end of the line,
(b) Total real and reactive power losses in the three-phase line,
(c) Total three-phase real and reactive power supplied at the sending end of the line. Check that the total three-phase complex power delivered by the source equals the total three-phase complex power absorbed by the line and loads.
Question 3
Two balanced Y-connected loads, one drawing 10 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging and the other 15 kW at 0.9 power factor leading, are connected in parallel and supplied by a balanced three-phase Y-connected, 480-V source.
(a) Determine the source current.
(b) If the load neutrals are connected to the source neutral by a zero-ohm neutral wire through an ammeter, what will the ammeter read?
Question 4
Three individual impedances ZΔ =20<60o Ω are connected in ∆ to a balanced three-phase 208-V source by three identical line conductors with impedance ZL = (0.8 + j0.6) Ω per line.
(a) Calculate the line-to-line voltage at the load terminals.
(b) Repeat part (a) when a ∆-connected capacitor bank with reactance (– j20) Ω per phase is connected in parallel with the load.
Question 5
Consider two interconnected voltage sources connected by a line of impedance Z=jXΩ as shown in Figure 1.
(a) Obtain expressions for P12 and Q12
(b) Determine the maximum power transfer and the condition for it to occur.
Figure 1
Question 6
Consider the balanced three-phase system as shown in Figure 2. Determine v1(t) and i2(t). Assume positive phase sequence.
Figure 2
Question 7
Draw an impedance diagram for the electric power system shown in Figure 3 showing all impedances in per unit on a 100-MVA base. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for generator. The three phase power and line- line ratings are given below.
G1: 100 MVA 20kV X=9%; T1: 120 MVA 20/200 kV X=16%
T2: 120 MVA 200/20 kV X=20%; G2: 90 MVA 18kV X=10%;
Line: 200 kV X=100 Ω; Load: 200 kV S=50MW+j75 MVAR
Figure 3
Figure 4 shows the oneline diagram of a three-phase power system. By selecting a common base of 100 MVA and 22 kV on the generator side, draw an impedance diagram showing all impedances including the load impedance in per unit. The data are given as follows:
G: 120 MVA
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22 kV
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X=0.2 per unit
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T1: 60 MVA
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22/220 kV
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X=0.10 per unit
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T2: 60 MVA
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220/11 kV
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X=0.10 per unit
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T3: 60 MVA
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22/110 kV
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X=0.08 per unit
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T4: 60 MVA
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110/11 kV
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X=0.08 per unit
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M: 60 MVA
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10.45kV
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X=0.2 per unit
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Lines 1 and 2 have series reactances of 48.4Ω and 65.43Ω, respecytively. At bus 4, three phase load absorbs 50 MVA at 10.45 kV and 0.8 power factor lagging. When the motor operates at full load, at 0.8 power factor leading, and at a terminal voltage of 10.45 kV (a) determine the voltage at bus 1 (i.e. at the generator bus) and (b) the generator and motor internal EMF.
Figure 4
Consider the single–line diagram of the power system shown in Figure 5. Equipment rating are:
Generator 1 at Bus 1 100 MVA, 20kV, X’=0.21 per unit
Generator 2 at Bus 2 100 MVA, 20kV, X’=0.21 per unit
Synchronous Motor 3 at Bus 3 150 MVA, 22kV, X’=0.21 per unit
Three phase Δ-Y Transformers 100 MVA, 220kV Y/22 kVΔ, X=0.12 per unit
(T1, T2, T3, T4)
Three phase Y-Y transformer T5: 150 MVA, 220 kV Y/22 kV Y, X= 0.12 per unit
Neglecting resistance, transformer phase shift, and magnetising reactance, draw the equivalent reactance diagram. Use a base of 100 MVA and 220 kV for the 50- Ω line. Determine the per unit reactance’s. For the power system in this problem, the synchronous motor absorbs 150 MW at 0.8 power factor leading with the bus 3 voltage at 20 kV. Determine the bus 1 and bus 2 voltages in kV. Assume that generators 1 and 2 deliver equal real powers and equal reactive powers. Also, assume a balanced three-phase system with positive sequence sources.
Figure 5
Question 10
Express in per unit all the quantities shown in the line diagram of the three-phase transmission system shown in Figure 6. Construct the single-phase equivalent circuit. Use a base of 100 MVA. The lines are 80km in length with resistance and reactance of 0.1 Ω and 0.5 Ω per km respectively, and a capacitive susceptance of 10µS per km (split equally between the two ends. Assume the capacity of transformers 500MVA (the same as the Generator’s)
Figure 6
Question 11
An aggregated load is supplied from a 13 kV 60 Hz source and consists of the parallel combination of:
• A load of 10 MW at 0.9 pf lagging
• A load of 15 MVA at 0.85 pf lagging
• A resistance of 80 Ω in series with an inductive reactance of 10 Ω
• A resistance of 70 Ω in parallel with an inductive reactance of 200 Ω
Calculate the reactive compensation required to achieve unity power factor. Calculate the magnitude and phase of the current drawn from the source with and without compensation.
Question 12
A load of 5 MW at 0.8 pf lagging is supplied from a 13 kV 60 Hz source. Calculate the reactive compensation needed to improve the power factor to 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 and 1.0. In each case, express the value of the compensation in MVAr, Ω, and mF. Calculate the magnitude and phase of the current drawn from the source.
Question 13
A three-phase load supplied from a 1 kV three-phase, 60Hz source consumes 1 kW at 0.9 pf lagging. Model this load:
• As a balanced Y-connected load where each phase consists of a resistance in series with an inductive reactance
• As a balanced Δ-connected load where each phase consists of a resistance in series with an inductive reactance
• As a balanced Y-connected load where each phase consists of a resistance in parallel with an inductive reactance
• As a balanced Δ-connected load where each phase consists of a resistance in parallel with an inductive reactance
Calculate the values of these inductive reactances in Ω and in H.