Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology

Our goal is to bring high-quality research to the widest possible audience

MANUSCRIPT. PREPARATION

Manuscript. Types

Pertanika accepts submission of mainly 4 types of manuscripts

- that have not been published elsewhere (including proceedings)

- that are not currently being submitted to other journals

1. Regular article

Regular article is a full-length original empirical investigation, consisting of introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Original research work should present new and significant findings that contribute to the advancement of the research area. Analysis and Discussion must be supported with relevant references.

Size: Generally, each manuscript. is not to exceed 6000 words (excluding the abstract, references, tables, and/or figures), a maximum of 80 references, and an abstract of less than 250 words.

2. Review article

A review article reports a critical evaluation of materials about current research that has already been published by organising, integrating, and evaluating previously published materials. It summarises the status of knowledge and outlines future directions of research within the journal scope. A review article should aim to provide systemic overviews, evaluations, and interpretations of research in a given field. Re-analyses as meta-analysis and systemic reviews are encouraged.

Size: Generally, it is expected not to exceed 6000 words (excluding the abstract, references, tables, and/or figures), a maximum of 80 references, and an abstract of less than 250 words.

3. Short communications

Each article should be timely and brief. It is suitable for the publication of significant technical advances and maybe used to:

(a) reports new developments, significant advances and novel aspects of experimental and theoretical methods and techniques which are relevant for scientific investigations within the journal scope;

(b) reports/discuss on significant matters of policy and perspective related to the science of the journal, including ‘personal’ commentary;

(c) disseminates information and data on topical events of significant scientific and/or social interest within the scope of the journal.

Size: It is limited to 3000 words and have a maximum of 3 figures and/or tables, from 8 to 20 references, and an abstract length not exceeding 100 words. The information must be in short but complete form. and it is not intended to publish preliminary results or to be a reduced version of a regular paper.

4. Others

Brief reports, case studies, comments, concept papers, letters to the editor, and replies on previously published articles may be considered.

Language Accuracy

Pertanika emphasises on the linguistic accuracy of every manuscript. published. Articles must be written in English and they must be competently written and presented in clear and concise grammatical English. Contributors are strongly advised to have the manuscript. checked by a colleague with ample experience in writing English manuscripts or a competent English language editor.

Author(s) may be required to provide a certificate confirming that their manuscripts have been adequately edited. All editing costs must be borne by the authors.

Linguistically hopeless manuscripts will be rejected straightaway (e.g., when the language is so poor that one cannot be sure of what the authors are really trying to say). This process, taken by authors before submission, will greatly facilitate reviewing, and thus, publication.

MANUSCRIPT. FORMAT

The paper should be submitted in one-column format with 1.5 line spacing throughout. Authors are advised to use Times New Roman 12-point font and MS Word format.

1. Manuscript. Structure

The manuscripts, in general, should be organised in the following order:

• Page 1: Running title

This page should only contain the running title of your paper. The running title is an abbreviated title used as the running head on every page of the manuscript. The running title should not exceed 60 characters, counting letters and spaces.

• Page 2: Author(s) and Corresponding author’s information

General information: This page should contain the full title of your paper not exceeding 25 words, with the name of all the authors, institutions and corresponding author’s name, institution and full address (Street address, telephone number (including extension), handphone number, and e-mail address) for editorial correspondence. The corresponding author must be clearly indicated with a superscripted asterisk symbol (*).

Authors’ name: The name of the authors is listed according to their preference.

Authors’ addresses: Multiple authors with different addresses must indicate their respective addresses separately by superscript. numbers.

Tables/figures list: A list of the number of black and white/colour figures and tables should also be indicated on this page. See “5. Figures & Photographs” for details.

Example (page 2):

Fast and Robust Diagnostic Technique for the Detection of High Leverage Points

Habshah Midi 1,2*, Hasan Talib Hendi1 , Jayanthi Arasan 2 and Hassan Uraibi3

1Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Statistics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, 88 -Al-Qadisiyah -Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq

E-mail addresses [email protected]

(Habshah Midi) [email protected]

(Hasan Talib Hendi) [email protected]

(Jayanthi Arasan) [email protected]

(Hassan Uraibi)

*Corresponding author

List of Table/Figure: Table 1.

Figure 1.

• Page 3: Abstract

This page should repeat the full title of your paper with only the Abstract, usually in one paragraph and Keywords.

Keywords: Not more than 8 keywords in alphabetical order must be provided to describe the content of the manuscript.

A regular paper should be prepared with the headings Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussions, Conclusions, Acknowledgements, References, and Supplementary data (if any) in this order. The literature review may be part of or separated from the Introduction.

2. Levels of Heading

Level of heading                Format

1 st                                  LEFT, BOLD, UPPERCASE

2 nd                                 Flush left, Bold, Capitalise each word

3 rd                                  Bold, Capitalise each word, ending with .

4 th                                  Bold italic, Capitalise each word, ending with .

3. Equations and Formulae

These must be set up clearly and should be typed double-spaced. Numbers identifying equations should be in square brackets and placed on the right margin of the text.

4. Tables

• All tables should be prepared in a form. consistent with recent issues of Pertanika and should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals (Table 1, Table 2).

• A brief title should be provided, which should be shown at the top of each table (APA format):

Example: Table 1

PVY infected Nicotiana tabacum plants optical density in ELISA

• Explanatory material should be given in the table legends and footnotes.

• Each table should be prepared on a new page, embedded in the manuscript.

• Authors are advised to keep backup files of all tables.

** Please submit all tables in Microsoft word format only, because tables submitted as image data cannot be edited for publication and are usually in low-resolution.

5. Figures & Photographs

• Submit an original figure or photograph.

• Line drawings must be clear, with a high black and white contrast.

• Each figure or photograph should be prepared on a new page, embedded in the manuscript. for reviewing to keep the file of the manuscript. under 5 MB.

• These should be numbered consecutively with Roman numerals (Figure 1, Figure 2).

• Provide a brief title, which should be shown at the bottom of each table (APA format):

Example: Figure 1. PVY-infected in vitro callus of Nicotiana tabacum

• If a figure has been previously published, acknowledge the original source, and submit written permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the material.

• Authors are advised to keep backup files of all figures.

** Figures or photographs must also be submitted separately as TIFF or JPEG, because figures or photographs submitted in low-resolution embedded in the manuscript. cannot be accepted for publication. For electronic figures, create your figures using applications that are capable of preparing high-resolution TIFF files.

6. Acknowledgement

Any individuals and entities who have contributed to the research should be acknowledged appropriately.

7. References

• References begin on their own page and are listed in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name. Only references cited within the text should be included. All references should be in 12-point font and double-spaced.

• If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on a print or electronic source, it is required to include the DOI in the reference list. Use Crossref to find a DOI using author and title information.

NOTE: When formatting your references, please follow the APA-reference style. (7th edition) (refer to the examples). Ensure that the references are strictly in the journal’s prescribed style, failing which your article will not be accepted for peer-review. You may refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (https://apastyle.apa.org/) for further details.