Assignment 1

Translation Project on a Technical Documentation and Translation Commentary

BACHELOR DEGREE – Semester 1, AY24/25

TRI305 Translation Workshop I

SUBMISSION DEADLINE: Friday 25 October 2024, by 5.00 pm.

1. General Information

•   This   assignment   is    designed    to    assess   all   of   the     learning outcomes of the module  as specified  in the  module handbook.

•   You will conduct a translation  project  on  a  given English technical

documentation  (pages  5-13)  into  Chinese  or  your mother tongue  and

write a translation commentary on this project. You are requested to translate and adapt the FDA regulatory medicine package insert with NMPA regulatory one or your motherland authorised one. The NMPA-authorised form. with

specifications has been enclosed in this paper (pages 14-19), and attached as an independent editable file as well.

•   Base on this project, you are required to write a reflective translation   commentary to review your translation and adaptation progress. Your  translation commentary should meet a minimum word count of 200.

•   Two NMPA-authorised medicine package inserts has been given as the examples for your reference. Notice that some sections of the provided  form might be remained empty for the lack of information from source     text.

•   This assignment will require you to demonstrate your proficiency in

applying theoretical concepts and practical skills learned  throughout the module. You will conduct comprehensive analysis of the translation

project with translation techniques. Additionally, you will critically assess the    machine translation quality or the effectiveness of the prompts

when you used generative AI or your translation  strategies   used     to conduct computer-aided translation tool.

-   Bibliography (optional): If applicable, include a comprehensive list of references used in your analysis, ensuring consistent adherence to a specific citation style. throughout the coursework.

2. Submission

•   The filename of the soft copy should adhere to the following format: Full Name [ID Number]

For example, Xiaojun Zhang [12345678].

First   name    +   Surname,    first   name    shall    be   your    registered name  on LMO.

•   You will  submit your translation and your translation commentary  in a single  document  in  either MS   Word   or PDF format on the

module page on LMO.

•   Submissions   without   following    exactly   the    instructions    given herein may not reach the instructor, and marks will bededucted.

•   For   late   submission,    penalties   will    be   given    in    accordance with  the University Policy. Please refer to the rules as detailed in the    University’s “Code of Practice for Assessment” .

•   For mitigating circumstances, students who believe that their

performance on the assessed coursework may have been impaired by illness or other exceptional circumstances should follow the

procedures set out in the University’s “Mitigating Circumstances Policy” .

Such students are also advised to contact their Development Advisor for further guidance and support.

•   The final submission deadline for this assignment is Friday 25 October 2024.

3.  Evaluation Criteria

•   Your  coursework  will  be  evaluated  based  on  two  sets  of  markin descriptors:

•   Marking Descriptors for Technical Translation of Department of Literary and Translation Studies

•   Marking  Descriptors  for  Critical  Analysis  of  Department  of  Literary and Translation Studies

Package leaflet: Information for the user

Package leaflet: Information for the user

Ibuprofen 200 mg Film-coated tablets

Ibuprofen 400 mg Film-coated tablets

Ibuprofen (as lysine)

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine because it contains important information for you.

Always take this medicine exactly as described in this leaflet or as your doctor or pharmacist has told you.

- Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

- Ask your pharmacist if you need more information or advice.

- If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

- You must talk to a doctor if you do not feel better or if you feel worse after 3 days in case of migraine or fever, or after 4 days for the treatment of pain.

What is in this leaflet:

1. What Ibuprofen is and what it is used for

2. What you need to know before you take Ibuprofen

3. How to take Ibuprofen

4. Possible side effects.

5. How to store Ibuprofen

6. Contents of the pack and other information.

1. What Ibuprofen is and what it is used for

Ibuprofen contains the active substance ibuprofen. It belongs to a group of medicines known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs provide relief by changing the body’s response to pain and high temperature.

[200mg only]

Ibuprofen tablets are used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as headache, dental pain, period pain and fever and pain as the result of a cold.

[400 mg only]

Ibuprofen tablets are used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate pain, such as headache, acute migraine headache with or without aura, dental pain, period pain and fever and pain as the result of a cold.

2. What do you need to know before you take Ibuprofen

Do not take Ibuprofen:

●    if you are allergic to ibuprofen or any other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)

●    if you have had an allergic reaction such as asthma, difficulty in breathing, swelling of the face, tongue or throat nettle rash, itchy runny nose to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or other NSAIDs

●    if you have (or have had two or more episodes of) a stomach ulcer or bleeding

●    if you have had gastrointestinal perforation or bleeding when taking NSAIDs

●    if you are suffering from cerebrovascular or other active bleeding

●    if you are suffering from unclarified blood-formation disturbances

●    if you have severe dehydration (caused by vomiting, diarrhoea or insufficient fluid intake)

●    if you have severe liver, kidney or heart failure

●    if you are in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

[200 mg only]

Ibuprofen contraindicated in children under 6 years (less than 20 kg body weight).

[400 mg only]

Ibuprofen is contraindicated in adolescents under 40 kg body weight or children under 12 years.

Warnings and precautions:

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Ibuprofen:

●    if you have recently had major surgery

●    if you have or have had asthma or allergic disease as shortness of breath may occur

●    if you suffer from hayfever, nasal polyps or chronic obstructive respiratory disorders as an increased risk of allergic reactions exists. The allergic reactions may present as asthma attacks (so-called analgesic asthma), Quincke’s oedema or urticaria

●    if you have heart problems

●    if you have a history of gastrointestinal disease (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)

●    if you have systemic lupus erythematosus or mixed connective tissue disease (a disease affecting the skin, joints and kidneys)

●    if you have certain hereditary blood formation disorders (e.g. acute intermittent porphyria)

●    if you have a blood clotting disorder

●    if you are taking other NSAIDs. The use with concomitant NSAIDs, including cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors, increases the risk of adverse reactions (see section “Other medicines and

Ibuprofen” below) and should be avoided

●    if you have chickenpox (varicella) it is advisable to avoid use of Ibuprofen

●    if you are elderly.

Patients with kidney or liver problems should first consult a doctor before taking ibuprofen tablets.

Anti-inflammatory/pain-killer medicines like ibuprofen maybe associated with a small increased risk of heart attack (“myocardial infarction”) or stroke, particularly when used at high doses.  Do not exceed the recommended dose or duration of treatment (see section 3).

You should discuss your treatment with your doctor or pharmacist before taking ibuprofen if you:

●   have heart problems including heart failure, angina (chest pain), or if you have had a heart attack,

bypass surgery, peripheral artery disease (poor circulation in the legs or feet due to narrow or

blocked arteries), or any kind of stroke (including ‘mini-stroke’ or transient ischaemic attack, ‘TIA’)

●   have high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, have a family history of heart disease or stroke, or if you are a smoker.

Very rare reports of potentially life-threatening skin rashes (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal

necrolysis) have been reported with the use of ibuprofen. Patients are at higher risk of such reactions during the first month of therapy. Stop taking Ibuprofen and talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you notice a skin  rash, mucosal lesions, or any other signs of allergic reactions (see section 4).

Undesirable effects maybe minimised by using the minimum effective dose for the shortest period of time. The elderly are at increased risk of side effects.

In general the habitual use of (several sorts of) analgesics can lead to lasting severe kidney problems. This   risk maybe increased under physical strain associated with loss of salt and dehydration. Therefore it should be avoided. There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents.

Prolonged use of any type of painkiller for headaches can make them worse. If this situation is experienced or suspected, medical advice should be obtained and treatment should be discontinued. The diagnosis of

medication overuse headache (MOH) should be suspected inpatients who have frequent or daily headaches despite (or because of) the regular use of headache medications.

NSAIDs may mask symptoms of infection and fever.

In prolonged administration of Ibuprofen regular checking of your liver values, the kidney function, as well as the blood count, is required. Your doctor may ask you to have blood tests during treatment.

Other medicines and Ibuprofen

What should you avoid when you are taking this medicine?

Ibuprofen may affect or be affected by some other medicines. For example:

●    medicines that are anti-coagulants (i.e. thin blood/prevent clotting e.g. aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid, warfarin, ticlopidine)

●    medicines that reduce high blood pressure (ACE-inhibitors such as captopril, beta-blockers such as atenolol, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists such as losartan)

Some other medicines may also affect or be affected by  treatment with ibuprofen. You should therefore always seek the advice of your doctor or pharmacist before you use ibuprofen with other medicines.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. In particular, tell them if you are taking:

●  Acetylsalicylic acid, or other NSAIDs        -    Since this may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers or (anti-inflammatories and analgesics)                bleeding

●  Digoxin (for heart insufficiency)                 -    Since the effect of digoxin maybe enhanced

●  Glucocorticoids                                            -    Since this may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers or (medicinal products containing                        bleeding

cortisone or cortisone-like substances)

●  Anti-platelet agents                                      -    Since this may increase the risk of bleeding

●  Acetylsalicylic acid (low dose)                    -    Since the blood-thinning effect maybe impaired

●  Medicines for thinning the blood                -    Since ibuprofen may enhance the effects of these medicines (such as warfarin)

●  Phenytoin (for epilepsy)                              -    Since the effect of phenytoin maybe enhanced

●   Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors        -   As these may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (medicines used for depression)

●  Lithium                                                        -    Since the effect of lithium maybe enhanced (a medicine for manic depressive illness

and depression)

●  Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazones                 -    Since the excretion of ibuprofen maybe delayed (medicines for treating gout)

●  Medicines for high blood pressure and       -    Since ibuprofen may diminish the effects of these

water tablets                                                      medicines and there could be a possible increased risk for

the kidney

●  Potassium sparing diuretics                         -    Since this may lead to hyperkalaemia (high potassium levels in the blood)

●  Methotrexate                                                -    Since the effect of methotrexate maybe enhanced (a medicine for cancer or rheumatism)

●  Tacrolimus and cyclosporin                         -    Since kidney damage may occur (immunosuppressive medicines)

●  Zidovudine                                                   -    Since the use of ibuprofen may result in an increased risk of (a medicine for treating HIV/AIDS)                 bleeding into a joint or a bleed that leads to swelling in HIV

(+) haemophiliacs

●   Sulfonylureas (antidiabetic medicines)       -    Interactions maybe possible

●  Quinolone antibiotics                                   -    Since the risk for convulsions maybe increased

●  Mifepristone                                                 -    Since ibuprofen may reduce the effect of this medicine (medicine prescribed for pregnancy

termination)

●  Bisphosphonates (medicines prescribed      -    Since these may increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers to treat osteoporosis)                                         or bleeding

●  Oxpentifylline (pentoxyfilline)                    -    Since this may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (medicine prescribed to increase the

blood flow to arms and legs)

●  Baclofen,a muscle relaxant                        -    Since the toxicity of baclofen maybe enhanced

Low dose ASA

Do not take this medicine if you are taking ASA at doses of above 75 mg daily. If you are on low-dose ASA (up to 75 mg daily) speak to your doctor or pharmacist before you take Ibuprofen.

Ibuprofen with alcohol

Consumption of alcohol should be avoided while taking Ibuprofen as it may intensify possible side effects.

Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility

Do not take Ibuprofen in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

If you are in the first 6 months of pregnancy, breast-feeding, think you maybe pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

Ibuprofen tablets belong to a group of medicines which may impair fertility in woman. This effect is

reversible on stopping the medicine. It is unlikely that Ibuprofen, used occasionally, will affect your chances of becoming pregnant, however tell your doctor before taking this medicine if you have problems becoming  pregnant.

Driving and using machines

For short-term use and at normal dosage this medicine has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. If side-effects such as tiredness, dizziness, drowsiness and visual disturbances occur, do not drive or operate machines. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of these side effects.

3. How to take Ibuprofen

Always take this medicine exactly as described in this leaflet or as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

The product is intended for short term use only. You should take the lowest effective dose for the shortest time necessary to relieve your symptoms.

You should not take Ibuprofen for longer than 3 days in the case of migraine or fever, or 4 days for the treatment of pain unless your doctor tells you to.

If symptoms persist or worsen consult your doctor.

[200 mg only]

Adults and adolescents over 40 kg body weight(12 years of age and above):

The recommended dose is 200 mg to 400 mg (1 or 2 tablets), up to three times a day as required. Leave at

least four hours between 200 mg (1 tablet) doses and at least six hours between 400 mg (2 tablets) doses. Do not take more than 1200 mg (6 tablets) in 24 hours.

For treatment of migraine headache the recommended dose is 2 tablets of 200 mg as a single dose. If

necessary, take 400 mg (2 tablets) dose with intervals of 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 1200 mg (6 tablets) in any 24 hours.

Use in children over 6 years (20 kg - 40 kg body weight):

The recommended daily dose is 20 mg to 30 mg of ibuprofen per kg body weight divided into three or four separate doses as shown in the table below. Leave at least six to eight hours between doses.

If in children aged from 6 years and in adolescents this medicinal product is required for more than 3 days, or if symptoms worsen a doctor should be consulted.

Use in children under 6 years (less than 20 kg body weight):

Ibuprofen is contraindicated for use in children under 6 years (less than 20 kg body weight).

[400 mg only]

Adults and adolescents from 40 kg body weight (12 years of age and above)

The recommended dose is 400 mg (1 tablet), up to three times a day as required. Leave at least six hours between 400 mg (1 tablet) doses. Do not take more than 1200 mg (3 tablets) in 24 hours.

If in children aged from 12 years and in adolescents this medicinal product is required for more than 3 days, or if symptoms worsen a doctor should be consulted.

For treatment of migraine headache the recommended dose is 1 tablet of 400 mg as a single dose. If  necessary, take 400 mg (1 tablet) dose with intervals of 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 1200 mg (3 tablets) in any 24 hours.

Use in adolescents under 40 kg body weight or in children under 12 years of age:

Ibuprofen is contraindicated for use in adolescents under 40 kg body weight or in children under 12 years.

Method of administration

Ibuprofen tablets are swallowed whole with plenty of water. Do not chew the tablets.

Patients with a sensitive stomach should take the tablets during a meal. Taking the tablets after a meal may delay the onset of pain or fever relief. Do not exceed the recommended dose or take more frequently than   recommended.

If you take more Ibuprofen than you should

You may experience nausea, stomach ache, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, ringing in the ears, vomiting

blood and blood in stools. More serious poisoning can lead to dizziness, drowsiness, excitation,

disorientation, low blood pressure, reduced breathing (respiratory depression), blue discolouring of the skin and mucosa (cyanosis), loss of consciousness, convulsions and coma. You should seek immediate medical  advice in the event of an overdose, even if you feel well. 

If you forget to take Ibuprofen

Simply refer to the directions above on how to take the medicine and do not take more than is advised. Do not take a double dose to makeup for a forgotten dose.

If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

4. Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Side effects maybe minimised by taking the lowest dose for the shortest time necessary to relieve the

symptoms. Elderly people using this product are at increased risk of developing problems associated with side effects.

Medicines such as Ibuprofen maybe associated with a small increased risk of heart attack (“myocardial infarction”) or stroke.

Some of the undermentioned undesirable effects are less frequent when the maximum daily dose is 1200 mg compared to high-dose therapy in rheumatism patients.

If you think you have any of the following side effects or symptoms, stop taking this medicine and seek immediate help:

●    stomach and intestinal ulcers, sometimes with bleeding and perforation, vomiting blood or have black tar-like stools (common: may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

●    kidney disease with blood in the urine which can be associated with renal failure (uncommon: may affect up to 1 in 100 people)

●    severe allergic reactions (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people) such as:

-     difficulties in breathing or unexplained wheezing

-     dizziness or faster heartbeat

-     drop in blood pressure leading to shock

-     swelling of your face, tongue or throat

●    potentially life-threatening skin rashes with severe blisters and bleeding in the lips, eyes, mouth,

nose and genitals (Steven-Johnson syndrome) or serious skin reactions which starts with painful red areas, then large blisters and ends with peeling of layers of skin. This is accompanied by fever and   chills, aching muscles and generally feeling unwell (toxic epidermal necrolysis) (very rare: may

affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    severe condition of the skin that may affect the mouth and other parts of the body with symptoms

including: red, often itchy spots, similar to the rash of measles, which starts on the limbs and

sometimes on the face and the rest of the body. The spots may blister or may progress to form. raised, red, pale-centred marks. Those affected may have fever, sore throat, headache and/or diarrhoea (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    severe flaking or peeling of the skin (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    inflammation of the pancreas with severe upper stomach pain, often with nausea and vomiting (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, feeling generally unwell, fever, itching, yellowing of the skin and eyes, light coloured bowel motions, dark coloured urine which maybe signs of hepatitis or liver

failure (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    disease of the heart with shortness of breath and swelling of the feet or legs due to fluid build-up (heart failure) (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    aseptic meningitis (infection around the brain or spinal cord with symptoms including fever, nausea,   vomiting, headache, stiff neck and extreme sensitivity to bright light and clouding of the mental state and thus not being fully in contact with the environment) (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

●    heart attack (“myocardial infarction”, very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people) or stroke (not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)

●    severe kidney damage (papillary necrosis), particularly in long term use (rare: may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)

●    worsening of infection-related inflammations (e.g. development of flesh eating bacteria syndrom) particulalry if using other NSAIDs (very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

Stop taking the medicine and tell your doctor if you experience: Very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people)

●    indigestion or heartburn

●    abdominal pain (pains in your stomach) or other abnormal stomach Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

●    Visual disturbances

Tell your doctor if you experience any of the below side effects:

Very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people)

● nausea,wind, diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):

● headache, sleepiness, dizziness, spinning sensation tiredness, agitation, inability to sleep, irritability

● stomach and intestinal ulcers, sometimes with bleeding and perforation; hidden blood loss which may lead to a condition in which there is a decreased number of red blood cells (symptoms include

tiredness, headaches, being short of breath when exercising, dizziness and looking pale), black tar-like stools, vomiting blood, mouth ulcers and cold sores, inflammation of the colon (symptoms include

diarrhoea, usually with blood and mucus, stomach pain, fever), worsening of inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation of bowel wall

Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):

●  hives, itching, unusual bleeding or bruising under the skin, skin rash, asthma attacks (sometimes with hypotension)

●  runny or blocked nose, sneezing, facial pressure or pain, difficulty in breathing

●  inflammation of the stomach (symptoms include pain, nausea, vomiting, vomiting blood, blood in the bowel motions)

●  increased sensitivity of the skin to sun

●  swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue or throat which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing, sometime with high blood pressure

●  fluid build-up in the body's tissues especially inpatients with high blood pressure or kidney problems

Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)

●   a disease affecting the skin, joints and kidneys (lupus erythematosus syndrome)

●   depression, confusion, hallucinations, mental illness with strange or disturbing thoughts or moods

●  buzzing, hissing, whistling, ringing or other persistent noise in the ears

●   increase of blood urea nitrogen, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, decrease in

haemoglobin and haematocrit values, inhibition of platelet aggregation, prolonged bleeding time, decrease of serum calcium, increase in serum uric acid, all seen on a blood test

●   loss of vision

Very rare (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people):

●   fast or irregular heartbeats (palpitations)

●   fluid build-up in the body's tissues

●   high blood pressure

●   inflammation of the food pipe, narrowing of intestines

●   liver disease, liver damage (especially in long-term use), liver failure, yellowing of the skin and/or eyes, also called jaundice

●   unusual hair loss or thinning

●   severe skin infections with soft tissue complications may occur if you have chickenpox

●   menstrual period disorders

●  build-up of fluid in the lungs, symptoms include breathlessness, which maybe very severe and usually worsens on lying down.

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from availble data)

●  worsening of an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract (symptoms include pain, fever, diarrhoea and loss of weight), worsening of  inflammation of the colon (

symptoms diarrhoea, usually with blood and mucus, stomach pain, fever)