代做ECO205 ECONOMETRICS I 1st SEMESTER 2024/25代写C/C++程序

ECO205

1st SEMESTER 2024/25 Group Project

BSc Actuarial Science – Year 3

BSc Economics – Year 3

BSc Financial Mathematics – Year 3

BA English and Finance – Year 3

ECONOMETRICS I

Group Project

General guidelines

This group project is an integral component of ECO205 and it contributes to 35% of your module  mark.  Please  choose  a  socioeconomic  phenomenon  or  relationship  (see  guidelines below on choosing topics) that involves two or more variables and study this phenomenon or relationship using real world data and statistical models you learn in ECO205. As a stand-alone empirical study, your report is expected to follow the structure of a typical academic research (see more about the recommended structure later). Your submission is subject to Turnitin to check for similarities. Cases of academic dishonesty will be penalized according to university policy.

The  topic  may  come  from  your  own  experience/knowledge  (as  an  economist),  textbook examples (with proper modification), or the academic literature. You are free to choose any topic, but please bear in mind that (1) it must make use of regressional models, and (2) it must be properly motivated (i.e., why is it important/useful to investigate the  specific problem). Please also note that even though the statistical methods and models presented in ECO205 is sufficient to produce many interesting results, you are free to use more advanced statistical methods if they provide additional information or fit your purpose.

Guidelines on choosing topics

If you don’t know where to start from, there are some good references that you want to check. Potentially, you may find research topics from the following sources.

1. The first source is your textbooks in other fields of studies (micro/macroeconomics, labor economics, international economics, finance, etc.). Usually these textbooks cover a wide range of economic or financial theories which you can test with real-world data. For example, you learned the concept of production function in micro/macroeconomics and you may want to estimate a parametric form. using city-level data on capital stock, labor input, and output for a given year.

2. A second source of topics is the  academic literature. Google Scholar is the best place to search the academic literature. Type a key word and it will return hundreds of articles. You may read an article arguing that the urban land use is determined by income, population, and urban transportation  conditions.  Following  this  article,  you  can  collect  data  from  China  City Statistical  Yearbook  2018  on  (1)  urban  population,  (2)  per  capita  income,  (3)  transport infrastructure, and (4) urban land use and analyze how the first three factors may affect urban land use.

3.  A  third   source  is  textbooks  in   econometrics.  Most   econometric  textbooks   emphasize empirical examples or exercises. Thus, they provide a large pool of potential topics. The easiest approach is to take one of the problems and apply the empirical model to your own data.

4. Of course, your topics are not restricted to the sources mentioned above. I also encourage you to find your own topics through deep thinking. Deep thinking produces interesting research questions. To give an example, you may model housing price to be jointly determined by demand and supply factors. However, there are many of them. It is then your job to narrow down to a few major factors and collect data accordingly. These cannot be done without deep thinking. Even if you adopt a research question raised by others, deep thinking will help you refine the question and generate new insights. For instance, in the model of Chinese housing price, you may want to consider factors overlooked by others but may be important in the Chinese context, such as administrative hierarchy and geographical location. These factors may bring further insights into your results.

Below are a few exemplary topics:

Estimate aggregate production function using regional (province- or city-level) data.

Estimate determinants of pollutants emission using regional data.

Estimate determinants of housing price using regional data.

•    Estimate  β-convergence using national data.

Estimate the environmental Kuznets curve using national data.

Although there is no restriction to the scope of topics you may try, to ensure that you obtain meaningful results from the analysis, please adhere to the following principles.

1. Please  make  sure  you  test  an  economic  model, rather  than an accounting identity. An economic model is a hypothetical functional form. (according to some theory) that describes how one variable is determined by other variables. The exact form. of this function is unknown and must be estimated using real-world data. For instance, economists often view the entire economy as a factory, where inputs (capital and labor) are converted into outputs (GDP) using a certain  technology.  A  commonly  adopted  functional  form. is  the  Cobb-Douglas  one,  i.e., Y = AKα Lβ ,  where  Y  stands  for  GDP,  K   for  capital  stock,  L  for  labor  input,  and  A  is called the total factor productivity (TFP). In this formulation, the parameters  α  and  β  are unknown, which can be estimated using real-world data. Within the regression model, we can test whether the technology exhibits constant returns to scale (α + β = 1), increasing resturns to scale (α + β >  1), or decreasing returns to scale (α + β < 1).

Accounting identities, on the other hand, are known formulas that must be universally true. This statement has two implications. One, the parameters of the formula are all known, which means there is no need to estimate them. Second, the relationship must be always true for any data set. To  illustrate,  let’s  consider  the  well-known   GDP  decomposition  by  expenditure  type: Y = C + I + G + NX, where  Y  stands for GDP,  C  for personal consumption expenditures,  I for  private  investment,   G  for  government   spending,  and  NX   for  net  export.  This  is  an accounting identity because the use of outputs must be one of the four types. Thus, their sum must be GDP. Here we have a linear function in  C,  I,  G, and  NX, but their coefficients are known to be unity. Hence, it is meaningless for you to estimate this equation.

2. Data must be available for all the variables in your model. You cannot perform. econometric analysis without data. Data availability is usually a major challenge for empirical studies. Using the Cobb-Douglas production function as an example, usually data on GDP (or value added) and labor input (employment) are relatively easy to obtain, but data on capital stock are seldom provided  by  the  statistic  bureau.  If  data  on  capital  stock  is  unavailable,  in  principle  the estimation cannot be done. In this very example, there are ways to overcome this data problem, but I don’t plan to elaborate here.

As another example, you may conceptualize a relationship between IQ and students’ academic performance, controlling for effort. Although measures of effort are relatively easy to construct (attendance,  hours  of  study,  etc.),  a  reliable  measure  of  IQ  is  usually  difficult  to  obtain. Imaginably you need to ask the subject to undergo an IQ test, which is very costly and difficult to implement.

If your study employs country-level, province-level, or city-level aggregate data, please keep in mind that government agencies or international organizations are your only data source. Please check their websites or publications (statistical yearbooks) to verify that the data you need are available. If you plan to collect data by a survey, please think carefully about implementation issues.

If data availability is a problem, you have two options: First, you can change the proxy you are using for the variable of interest. For instance, if you need data on the number of permanent residents in cities, but such information is not provided, you can use the number of registered residents instead.  Second, you  can modify your topic by using  a  different variable. As  an example, you may want to study the production function for the economy as a whole. In that situation you need productive  capital  stock  for  the  entire  economy.  Suppose  that  data  are unavailable but the statistical yearbooks do provide data on the capital stock of the secondary industry, then you can narrow down your topic to the production function of the  secondary industry. Third, if both options are not possible, you had better think about a different topic for which data are available.

Guidelines on using data

A large sample is always recommended. Although it was mentioned in the lecture that the minimal sample size could be as small as 50, in empirical studies it is highly recommended that you have far more data. A sample size of a few hundred or more is preferred.

Aggregate socioeconomic data at the city-, province-, or country-level can be downloaded from online sources. Below are some frequently used ones.

Statistical yearbooks offered by CNKI (access from XJTLU library link):

XJTLU library home->Databases-> China Statistical Yearbooks Database

Data offered by the National Statistics Bureau (register to download):

http://data.stats.gov.cn/index.htm

World Bank Open Data (all indicators):

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator?tab=all

IMF data:

https://www.imf.org/en/Data#global

Eurostat:

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

OECD.Stat:

https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?lang=en

The Penn World Table:

https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/?lang=en A rich collection of online data sources (including U.S. labor survey data) compiled by the American Economic Association:

https://www.aeaweb.org/resources/data

Please note: Some data sources cannot be accessed from China, please find technical solutions.

Guidelines on designing the analysis

This module covers quite a few important methods, including the OLS regression model, test of a  single parameter, test  of joint hypothesis, test  for heteroskedasticity and WLS, nonlinear model, instrumental variable, etc. You are expected to employ appropriate methods (potentially statistical methods not covered by this module) in your empirical analysis. Although there is no fixed rule for good research design, quality researches share these common features:

1.   The  analytical  framework  is  carefully  chosen  to  answer  the  research  question  and  to analyze the data.

2.   Alternative model specifications or extensions of the model are explored to extract further information from the data, to address data problems, and to consolidate the main findings.

3.   The results are interpreted and analyzed in detail.

Please avoid these common mistakes among past students:

1.   Trying all the regression models or analytical methods learned in this module. Please bear in mind that your ultimate objective is to answer research questions. The coursework is not supposed to be an exercise on everything you learn. Contents that are unrelated to the research question damage the quality of your work.

2.   Presenting the analytical results without much interpretation. It is the interpretation, not the numerical results generated by software that answers the research question. Without proper interpretation, the results make little sense.

3.   Copying the analytical  framework of a past  student work that earned a high mark. Their analysis  serves  their  research  question  and  their  data,  which  are  different  from  yours. Blindly copying other students’ analytical framework often results in a poor report.

Guidelines on format

1. I recommend no more than 2,500 words. This is not mandatory: the mark is not explicitly linked to the word count.

2.   I recommend the following structure for the final report:

a.   Title;

b.   Motivation and research question;

c.   Description of data sources, variable measurement, and empirical model (why the regressors are important determinants of the dependent variable and what are their expected signs);

d.   Presentation of analytical results, interpretations, and statistical inferences;

e.   Discussion of results and conclusion;

f.    References (if any);

g.   Appendix (see below).

3.   All Stata code and regression output must be reported in the appendix, placed at the end of the report. You should also include figures and tables in the main text and tables should be formatted as those in the textbook (for example, Table 8.3, though you can skip the 95% confidence intervals). Please do not present tables or Stata code/output as screenshots.

4.   Please use the accompanying MS Word template to prepare your final report. Please insert your digital signature as a picture in the cover page. Please do not alter the format (font, line spacing, page margin, etc.) of the first two pages of the document. Please submit your final report as a MS Word document. PDF files are not accepted.




热门主题

课程名

mktg2509 csci 2600 38170 lng302 csse3010 phas3226 77938 arch1162 engn4536/engn6536 acx5903 comp151101 phl245 cse12 comp9312 stat3016/6016 phas0038 comp2140 6qqmb312 xjco3011 rest0005 ematm0051 5qqmn219 lubs5062m eee8155 cege0100 eap033 artd1109 mat246 etc3430 ecmm462 mis102 inft6800 ddes9903 comp6521 comp9517 comp3331/9331 comp4337 comp6008 comp9414 bu.231.790.81 man00150m csb352h math1041 eengm4100 isys1002 08 6057cem mktg3504 mthm036 mtrx1701 mth3241 eeee3086 cmp-7038b cmp-7000a ints4010 econ2151 infs5710 fins5516 fin3309 fins5510 gsoe9340 math2007 math2036 soee5010 mark3088 infs3605 elec9714 comp2271 ma214 comp2211 infs3604 600426 sit254 acct3091 bbt405 msin0116 com107/com113 mark5826 sit120 comp9021 eco2101 eeen40700 cs253 ece3114 ecmm447 chns3000 math377 itd102 comp9444 comp(2041|9044) econ0060 econ7230 mgt001371 ecs-323 cs6250 mgdi60012 mdia2012 comm221001 comm5000 ma1008 engl642 econ241 com333 math367 mis201 nbs-7041x meek16104 econ2003 comm1190 mbas902 comp-1027 dpst1091 comp7315 eppd1033 m06 ee3025 msci231 bb113/bbs1063 fc709 comp3425 comp9417 econ42915 cb9101 math1102e chme0017 fc307 mkt60104 5522usst litr1-uc6201.200 ee1102 cosc2803 math39512 omp9727 int2067/int5051 bsb151 mgt253 fc021 babs2202 mis2002s phya21 18-213 cege0012 mdia1002 math38032 mech5125 07 cisc102 mgx3110 cs240 11175 fin3020s eco3420 ictten622 comp9727 cpt111 de114102d mgm320h5s bafi1019 math21112 efim20036 mn-3503 fins5568 110.807 bcpm000028 info6030 bma0092 bcpm0054 math20212 ce335 cs365 cenv6141 ftec5580 math2010 ec3450 comm1170 ecmt1010 csci-ua.0480-003 econ12-200 ib3960 ectb60h3f cs247—assignment tk3163 ics3u ib3j80 comp20008 comp9334 eppd1063 acct2343 cct109 isys1055/3412 math350-real math2014 eec180 stat141b econ2101 msinm014/msing014/msing014b fit2004 comp643 bu1002 cm2030
联系我们
EMail: 99515681@qq.com
QQ: 99515681
留学生作业帮-留学生的知心伴侣!
工作时间:08:00-21:00
python代写
微信客服:codinghelp
站长地图